20 of the Most Thought-Provoking, Philosophical Science Fiction Books of All Time

Shizuka Satomi is damned — Queen of Hell, in fact. She sold her soul decades ago for that title, and the only way she’ll free herself is by convincing seven of her violinist students to do the same.

But when two people, her seventh student and the owner of an unusual donut shop, challenge her distrust in humanity, Shizuka wonders if she can’t break free from the way things have always been — and when love is worth sacrificing all you have worked to achieve.

Ellie Arroway is a SETI astronomer with reason to believe that extraterrestrials have finally contacted Earth. But receiving their message is just the first step — interpreting it and responding is a harder, ultimately transcendent journey.

In a near-future United States on the brink of collapse, Lauren Olamina is the daughter of a preacher who believes it’s his duty to convert others in the last days. Lauren is an empath, and she can feel the pain of others as if it were her own.

When her family is suddenly killed, Lauren leaves the safety of the Los Angeles neighborhood she has spent her whole life in and must seek safety in an increasingly dangerous world.

Hari Seldon is a psychohistorian — the founder of the field, in fact — meaning that he can see into the future through the lens of the past. Although he lives in a golden age, he knows a time of darkness for humanity is coming — and he is determined to preserve as much knowledge as he can.

Fahrenheit 451 is a cautionary tale that (unfortunately) never loses its relevance to the present day. Guy Montag is a fireman in a near future where those in his line of work start fires rather than put them out. It’s the only way to protect society from books. But Guy finds value in books and preserving the knowledge they contain — even if he knows that belief could put his life in danger.

Aster is a neurodivergent woman who is enslaved on the HSS Matilda, a generation ship segregated by race. Though the ship claims to have saved humanity and is traveling to a paradise, Aster believes its purpose is more sinister.

Compelled to investigate the death of her mother, Aster discovers links between it and the death of the Matilda’s leader — and how those connections might lead the enslaved people on the ship to freedom.

Told in a series of reflections, a woman named Kathy confronts her complicated childhood at a seemingly idyllic English boarding school and her friendship with classmates Tommy and Ruth. What she remembers brings a visceral perspective to the ethics of bioengineering and how, unchecked, it can lead to dehumanization.

This haunting, near-future sci-fi novel follows four patients offered a memory removal procedure. But even when the memories are gone, the trauma behind them can linger — and the reasons for removing a memory at all can be more complicated than the procedure itself.

Four women, each an expert in their respective fields, are tasked with exploring Area X. Area X is a dead zone, and of the eleven expedition groups that have ventured into it, all were irreversibly changed. If they returned at all. But perhaps this time will be different.

Told in an experimental epistolary form, this novella is a love story between two women on opposite sides of an interdimensional war. Sometimes, keeping your enemies close can only work for so long before they don’t feel like enemies anymore.

On his 12th birthday, Jonas becomes the apprentice to the Giver — a person who carries the collective memory of their society. Being a Giver means being burdened with the complexities of being human that most of society would prefer to repress — indescribable joys and sorrows — and preparing to one day take the Giver’s role changes Jonas’s perceptive of his community in irrevocable ways.

When the apocalypse finally comes, it’s business as usual for Candace Chen and the New York publishing company where she works. But as society disintegrates in the grip of a devastating pandemic, how long can her colleagues pretend like their biggest concerns are workplace-related?

When it does finally fall apart, how can Candace — a recent college grad who was already struggling to decide what she wants in life — cope with an entirely new set of existential crises?

When the prestigious Oozma University accepts Binti’s application, she’s honored to represent the Himba people — even if it means leaving the world that raised her. But intergalactic travel is dangerous, often deadly, and Binti’s first test will be making it to Oozma University alive.

With academic funding as scarce as it is, archaeologists Alan Grant and Ellie Sattler jump to a call from an eccentric businessman to tour his latest venture — a theme park-slash-zoo that harnesses experimental cloning technology to bring dinosaurs back to life.

But as Frankenstein proposed nearly one hundred years before (which itself is a deeply philosophical read), terrible things happen when humans dabble in what they don’t fully understand.

Adopted as a child, Pepper Rafferty grew up with limited knowledge of her biological mother, Ula Frost. She knows that Ula was a painter and that her work focused on painting doppelgängers from other dimensions that she supposedly pulled into her own reality.

Pepper longs to understand Ula, particularly why she put Pepper up for adoption. Her search for knowledge leads her down a rabbit hole into alternate realities and how they might intersect.